Place Strategy for Dairy Farmers Milk :: Business Management Studies

Spot Strategy for Dairy Farmers Milk Current circumstance I do the examination in Woolworths grocery store of the maquarie shopping focus. At the point when I go into the market, The primary items I saw are the new vegetable and natural products, for example, banana, strawberry, apple, and so on the left is the new bread walkway, and there is a solitary passageway which give the esteemed produces. Stroll along the bread racks, at that point I see the shop which deal lunchmeat, bacon and so forth. At the point when you turn right, you can see the solidified zone, clients can pick refrigerated things here, and White milk ice chest is on the left end, simply close the store. In Woolworths Home Brand is put in the left, Pura is in the center of the ice chest, and they give full cream milk, skim milk, and Light milk, In the correct area is Dairy Farmers, And they as it were give Dairy Farmers Best, 1 liter, 2 liter, and Lite White, 2litre, That implies a scope of restricted pack sizes and classes for devours to pick. The refrigerator is partitioned into 4 racks, on the top is the Skim Milk with little pack size, the second is uprooted with 1lt milk, the third is 2lt milk, and the base is the 3lts. Inverse the solidified region there are 12 walkways dislodge items from food to cleanser, and even nursery care. Rivalry Direct rivalry ================== Since the Home Brand and ‘Woolworths’ is the Woolworths own-brands, general stores are altogether considering defending the name brands they stock and supporting their own home image, they put their items on the most attractive spot to pull in customers’ consideration, and give a scope of pack size for clients, While dairy ranchers items are more subtle, and they don't give 3lt pack size on the base rack. There are simply 1lt and 2lt milk on the first and second level in the correct ice chest, Woolworths just stock my competitions’ items, the explanation is self-evident: they can make more cash from that item than they would from a major maker. The immediate contender of Woolworths is Franline, this market is likewise situated on level 3, and it’s close to the stopping place, So it’s more helpful for client who drive a vehicle for shopping. Backhanded rivalry ==================== Inverse the White milk ice chest is the enhanced milk passageway, juice and tea path, and so forth customers have various options when they feel parched. There is a food court on level 3, and more than 15 cafâ © shops are situated in this mall, since certain clients of the shopping focus are understudies and staff of close by office towers, when they find a few beverages, they can pick numerous things other than milk.

Free Essays on Victorian Age

The Victorian Age In the Victorian time frame in particular was the move away from life dependent on responsibility for to a cutting edge urban economy dependent on exchange and assembling. By the start of the Victorian time frame, the Industrial Revolution, as this move was called, had made significant monetary and social changes, including a mass relocation of laborers to mechanical towns, where they lived in new urban ghettos. In any case, the progressions emerging out of the Industrial Revolution were only one subset of the extreme changes occurring in mid-and late-nineteenth-century Britain among others were the democratization coming about because of augmentation of the establishment; difficulties to strict confidence, to a limited extent dependent on the advances of logical information, especially of development; and changes in the job of ladies. These issues, and the contentions going to them, advanced Victorian writing. To a limited extent on account of the extension of papers and the periodical press, banter about political and social issues assumed a significant job in the experience of the understanding open. Besides, banters about political portrayal associated with extension both of the establishment and of the privileges of ladies influenced abstract portrayal, as authors offered voice to the individuals who had been voiceless. In the discussions about industrialism and about the Woman Question, voices came into print that had not been heard previously. Not exclusively did ladies essayists assume a significant job in forming the provisions of the discussion about the Woman Question, yet additionally ladies from the common laborers discovered chances to portray the states of their lives. Essentially, assembly line laborers portrayed their working and everyday environments. The universe of print turned out to be progressively comprehensive and popularity based. Simultaneously, writers and even artists looked for methods of speaking to these new voices. The writer Elizabeth Gaskell kept in touch with her first novel, Mary Barton, so as to offer voice to Manchester's poor, and Elizab... Free Essays on Victorian Age Free Essays on Victorian Age The Victorian Age In the Victorian time frame above all was the move away from life dependent on responsibility for to a cutting edge urban economy dependent on exchange and assembling. By the start of the Victorian time frame, the Industrial Revolution, as this move was called, had made significant financial and social changes, including a mass relocation of laborers to modern towns, where they lived in new urban ghettos. Be that as it may, the progressions emerging out of the Industrial Revolution were only one subset of the extreme changes occurring in mid-and late-nineteenth-century Britain among others were the democratization coming about because of expansion of the establishment; difficulties to strict confidence, to some degree dependent on the advances of logical information, especially of development; and changes in the job of ladies. These issues, and the discussions going to them, advanced Victorian writing. To a limited extent due to the development of papers and the periodical press, banter about political and social issues assumed a significant job in the experience of the understanding open. In addition, banters about political portrayal associated with development both of the establishment and of the privileges of ladies influenced artistic portrayal, as journalists offered voice to the individuals who had been voiceless. In the discussions about industrialism and about the Woman Question, voices came into print that had not been heard previously. Not exclusively did ladies scholars assume a significant job in forming the particulars of the discussion about the Woman Question, yet additionally ladies from the common laborers discovered chances to depict the states of their lives. So also, assembly line laborers portrayed their working and everyday environments. The universe of print turned out to be progressively comprehensive and just. Simultaneously, writers and even artists looked for methods of speaking to these new voices. The writer Elizabeth Gaskell kept in touch with her first novel, Mary Barton, so as to offer voice to Manchester's poor, and Elizab...

The Change of Social Views on Mental Illnesses Essay Example for Free

The Change of Social Views on Mental Illnesses Essay Before, psychological maladjustments were not broadly acknowledged in the public eye. Ordinarily, upon the disclosure of a dysfunctional behavior in a kid, the guardians would send them to a psychological foundation to deal with them. Along these lines, individuals with psychological instabilities were frequently looked downward on due to the public’s newness to them. Society’s numbness has limited throughout the years. The social perspectives in the course of recent years have changed extensively towards individuals with mental handicaps because of socialization, by being associated with esteemed jobs in the public arena, and the development of medication. The socialization of individuals with psychological instabilities changed society’s perspective. The terminations of mental establishments have contributed extraordinarily to this. Sending a kid with a psychological instability to a psychological establishment to be raised, separated them from society. By not being presented to individuals that are unique, it is hard to generally acknowledge and comprehend those distinctions. The more one is presented to something, the more desensitized they are to it. For instance, examines show that the more introduction to viciousness through the media and computer games, the more desensitized the customers are to the brutality, all things considered, circumstances (Science Daily). Commonly in the public eye, one sees somebody with a psychological maladjustment working in places that give them apparently insignificant jobs inside that working environment (I. e. Employments that don't add to society). By disposing of those useless employments, individuals with psychological instabilities have the chance to work among those without a dysfunctional behavior. It will in this way increment contact, therefore expanding acclimation. The media has contributed significantly towards giving information to people in general about psychological instabilities, for example, gloom, chemical imbalance, and bipolar issue. By teaching the general population, it will cause less trepidation and misconception of individuals with mental clutters. Marsha Gray of Community Living Mississauga brings up that, â€Å"One of the things I find that is exceptionally annoying is when individuals treat them like children, similar to they can’t handle themselves. † This treatment is regularly a consequence of obliviousness and frequently disparages the individual whom they are talking. It infers to them that individuals with a psychological maladjustment can't deal with themselves. Support in important exercises that individuals without mental handicaps take part will build the social abilities that individuals with certain dysfunctional behaviors regularly need. To fabricate close connections, for instance, gives an opportunity to grow better confidence, and mindfulness that numerous individuals without a psychological sickness frequently underestimate as it grows normally prior on throughout everyday life. As clarified by Marsha Gray, â€Å"A social shame is that individuals with psychological instabilities can't have a sweetheart/sweetheart or get hitched and have children. It is urged to be occupied with those social settings to fortify the social abilities that they might not have had completely evolved or may even now need to learn. † The instructing of normal practices is fundamental to the changing of society’s sees. On account of Autism, which is a â€Å"disorder that seriously hinders improvement of a person’s capacity to impart, collaborate with others, and keep in touch with the outside world,† there is the ineptitude to know about the necessities and sentiments of others. This may bring about social deviancy. Social abnormality is any conduct that is not the same as the cultural standard. With the ineptitude to know about the requirements and sentiments of others, individuals with mental imbalance may act in a manner or accomplish something that may outrage others without understanding the results. This makes a generalization that all individuals with a dysfunctional behavior are always unable to act as per accepted practices. This view can be changed by encouraging what is good and bad as indicated by the normal practices to forestall narrow mindedness. There are sure esteemed jobs in the public arena that everyone plays. There is a disgrace that individuals with psychological maladjustments can't carry on the job as a parent, or as a business. The development of medication has had a huge impact in changing the perspectives on society. The presentation of Lithium as a mind-set stabilizer for patients with bi-polar turmoil was a clinical achievement (NIMH). Along these lines, individuals who are influenced by bi-polar confusion can carry on with a superior, profitable life in the public arena with less outrageous emotional episodes among lunacy and serious gloom. Before, electric stun treatment was regularly used to treat psychological maladjustments, for example, extreme despondency, and epilepsy. With new headways in medication, individuals with mental disarranges can work better, and lead experience that are progressively gainful and satisfying. With socialization, which is an aftereffect of shutting down mental foundations, taking out trivial jobs, and instructing society, the perspectives on people in general have improved on the grounds that the expansion of mindfulness and more presentation to those with psychological instabilities. By furnishing focuses that assist instruct with peopling with psychological sicknesses essential fundamental abilities and the proper behavior in ociety, it is getting simpler for them to live their lives without steady investigation for the individuals around them. By making ways for individuals with dysfunctional behaviors to be incorporated and rewarded reasonably has opened social orders eyes and assist society with being all the more inviting to the individuals who are extraordinary and diminishing separation. The difference in social perspectives on dysfunctional behaviors have improved, and will keep on doing so in light of the fact that they see that all individuals influence by a psychological maladjustment need is to be the same than the typical John Doe, and to be treated accordingly.

Colonialism and Imperialism in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Dominion Exposed in Conrad's Heart of Darkness   â Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness' is a novel about European dominion and its extensive impacts. Conrad relates his sincere beliefs through the hero, Marlow, who learns a lot about dominion while on an excursion to the African Congo. Despite the fact that 'Heart of Darkness' is by all accounts an enemy of imperialistic work, this isn't totally evident. Conrad censures the excessively hopeful nature of government, yet doesn't assault Britain's equipped work of it.  Heart of Darkness opens with a conversation among Marlow and his companions concerning the hopeful colonialism of victors, particularly English, who were bearers of a flash from the holy fire- the fire of progress (1428). Marlow himself had shivered with excitement at the idea of colonialism, as his companions do during their memory of the past, yet this is all before his involvement with the Congo, where he reveals the roughness of the Belgians. Marlow accepts that dominion isn't generally a pretty thing, yet in the event that the victory of land is drawn nearer in ... ...al, 1988. Edward W. Stated, The World, the Text, and the Critic. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983) 13. Hillman, James. Notes on White Supremacy: Essaying an Archetypal Account of Historical Events, Spring (1986): 29-57. McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York: Carol and Gey, 1992. Meyers, Jeffrey.â Joseph Conrad.â New York:â Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991. Patrick Brantlinger, Heart of Darkness: Anti-Imperialism, Racism, or Impressionism? Criticism (Fall, 1985) 364.  Expansionism and Imperialism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness Essay Government Exposed in Conrad's Heart of Darkness   â Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness' is a novel about European government and its broad impacts. Conrad relates his genuine beliefs through the hero, Marlow, who learns a lot about colonialism while on an excursion to the African Congo. In spite of the fact that 'Heart of Darkness' is by all accounts an enemy of imperialistic work, this isn't altogether evident. Conrad denounces the excessively optimistic nature of government, yet doesn't assault Britain's able work of it.  Heart of Darkness opens with a conversation among Marlow and his companions concerning the optimistic dominion of heros, particularly English, who were bearers of a flash from the hallowed fire- the fire of human progress (1428). Marlow himself had shivered with excitement at the idea of colonialism, as his companions do during their memory of the past, yet this is all before his involvement with the Congo, where he reveals the roughness of the Belgians. Marlow accepts that government isn't generally a pretty thing, however in the event that the victory of land is drawn nearer in ... ...al, 1988. Edward W. Stated, The World, the Text, and the Critic. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983) 13. Hillman, James. Notes on White Supremacy: Essaying an Archetypal Account of Historical Events, Spring (1986): 29-57. McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York: Carol and Gey, 1992. Meyers, Jeffrey.â Joseph Conrad.â New York:â Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991. Patrick Brantlinger, Heart of Darkness: Anti-Imperialism, Racism, or Impressionism? Criticism (Fall, 1985) 364. Â

Martins Four Subsidiary Philosophical Questions Essay

Martins Four Subsidiary Philosophical Questions - Essay Example In this view, at that point it rises that the thought put across is about information on things. In this way, the socialist has the propensity of accepting that God isn't sufficiently wise to make the universe. The thought achieves the hypothesis of information that assumes that man knows all accordingly constraining the human information. As per Martin (2006), epistemology subverts an office as appeared by the lifestyle constrained by shameful acts. The axiological perspective on the socialist is that man has the worth and capacity to challenge the masterworks of creation. The axiological view partners with the hypothesis of significant worth that has an enthusiasm for the investigation of goodness in reasoning. There are simply the qualities and the worth decisions being referred to for the socialist. As indicated by Martin (2006), basically infers extreme worth. As such, it is what is normally acceptable? In conclusion, the socialist teleological perspectives concern the motivation behind an individual throughout everyday life. Teleological life involves the predetermination of an individual, objective, and reason throughout everyday life. As per martin, (2006), there are two exceptionally principal ways to deal with life. Martin firmly contends that the idea of work has incredibly advanced from each day’s

Is Compulsive Shopping Really an Addiction

Is Compulsive Shopping Really an Addiction Addiction Addictive Behaviors Print Is Compulsive Shopping Really an Addiction? By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 30, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 28, 2018 Online shopping addiction is a form of compulsive shopping. Echo/Getty Images More in Addiction Addictive Behaviors Caffeine Internet Shopping Sex Alcohol Use Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Shopping addiction, also known as compulsive shopping, compulsive spending, compulsive buying or oniomania, is often trivialized in the media. It is portrayed as the behavior of superficial fashion victims -- invariably female -- and typified by wealthy celebrities with little more to do with their time than purchase shoes. In this context, compulsive shopping in itself doesnt appear to be a problem. The movie Confessions of a Shopaholic in some ways reinforced this view, although it also contained some observations that are relevant to those suffering from problems of compulsive shopping. Rarely is compulsive shopping taken as seriously as addiction to substances like alcohol and drugs or other behaviors, such as compulsive gambling. Is this because it is not a legitimate addiction? Latest Developments Although there is a large and growing body of research into compulsive shopping, unlike research into other addictions, much of the compulsive shopping research is published in journals on marketing and consumer research. These journals have a different audience, consisting mainly of marketing professionals rather than clinical professionals. Clearly, the motives of those interested in marketing and understanding consumer behavior are quite different from those who are interested in preventing and treating addictions. So, for compulsive shopping to be recognized as a disorder in its own right, it will have to be taken on as a topic worthy of research by the addiction and medical fields and studied from that perspective. One of the latest developments in compulsive shopping research is the finding that shopping online is particularly attractive to people who are addicted to shopping. This is because online shopping appeals to several motivations that are particularly strong in compulsive shoppers, including the need to seek out variety in and information about products; to buy without being seen; to avoid social interactions while shopping; and to experience pleasure while shopping. As secrecy in carrying out the activity of compulsive shopping and intense pleasure while engaging in the activity are common across all addictive behaviors, this research supports the notion that compulsive shopping is, indeed, an addiction. Online shopping is one of several computer-based activities that have an addictive component; others include online gambling, online porn, and video game playing. However, these activities are not included in the DSM as stand-alone addictive disorders just yet. While these cyber-addictions are yet to gain full recognition, that is largely a reflection of the lack of a strong record of research on which to base the required detail for developing the official criteria for mental health conditions. It does not indicate that cyber-addictions are not prevalent, problematic or that they are not taken seriously by the psychiatric community. There is also a growing awareness of the need to help people who suffer from financial hardship as a result of compulsive shopping. Similarities and Differences with Other Disorders Compulsive shopping has been recognized for the past 100 years, and people with problems controlling their spending are not diagnosed with shopping addiction, although they can be diagnosed under impulse control disorder, not otherwise specified. Although compulsive shopping, along with many other behavioral addictions, was under consideration for inclusion in the DSM 5, it is not currently listed as an addictive disorder, nor as a stand-alone impulse control disorder. Some experts have suggested that compulsive shopping is a form of obsessive compulsive disorder, or OCD, or that it is a type of bipolar disorder. Although there are overlaps, neither are currently accepted viewpoints. Therefore, although shopping addiction has a long history, an it is associated with a number of mental health conditions, it is not widely recognized as a stand-alone addiction in the medical community. However, there is growing recognition of the similarities between shopping addiction and other addictions, and it may even be possible to get medical help, due to the overlap with other conditions. Certainly, compulsive shopping is something that a psychologist can help you manage.

Themes Across APUSH Immigration

The focus of this blog post will be for you to practice the skill of identifying changes and continuities throughout APUSH with one theme in mind: immigration. We know that getting all the details about what happened when in U.S. history (let alone explaining the significance of those events) can be hard. That’s why we have created this series of posts, Themes Across APUSH, that gives you a brief overview of one theme at a time, along with tips to help you think about patterns of change and continuity. Ready to dive in? Let’s go! A Brief History of Immigration in the United States If you’ve been paying even a little bit of attention to recent news, you will have seen the current debates about immigration in the United States. â€Å"The United States is a nation of immigrants,† these politicians and pundits will declare. But what does that even mean? This blog post will explore the theme of immigration for the APUSH test by outlining the following events: The Naturalization Act of 1790 The official end of the slave trade in the United States in 1808 Mass Immigration of the mid-1800s The Transcontinental Railroad and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 The settlement house movement and progressivism The Spanish American War The Dillingham Commission We have a lot of ground to cover, so as you continue reading, I want you to be thinking about what has changed in U.S. immigration policy, and what has continued. I also want you to be thinking about what I have left out of this post. For example, this overview will stop in 1907; a lot of immigration stories have happened since then! How would you incorporate those events into this story about immigration in U.S. history? Furthermore, I am separating immigration from migration; therefore, I am not including forced movements of indigenous people further West. (For that, you should check out my post on the Indian Removal Act, as well as explorations of the themes of Imperialism and Expansion in this series.) You should ask yourself questions like: should the forced and violent movement of indigenous peoples be a part of the immigration theme? Why or why not? In short, as you are reading this post, you should be doing a lot of thinking, too! APUSH Themes: Immigration 1. The Naturalization Act of 1790 For purposes of a blog post about immigration, it is important that you understand what naturalization means. Here’s a quick definition: Naturalization (noun): the process by which a non-citizen of a country becomes a legal citizen of that country With that definition in mind, it becomes clear that the Naturalization Act of 1790 was meant to determine who could become a citizen. According to the following passage (which is an excerpt from the Act), who could become a citizen in 1790? Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That any Alien being a free white person, who shall have resided within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the United States for the term of two years, may be admitted to become a citizen thereof on application to any common law Court of record in any one of the States wherein he shall have resided for the term of one year at least, and making proof to the satisfaction of such Court that he is a person of good character†¦ Source: Naturalization Act of 1790 The legal language can be a little hard to follow, but the idea is that only a â€Å"free white† man of â€Å"good character† can become a citizen, provided that he has lived in the United States for two years. However, as we well know, more than just white men were immigrating to the United States. Therefore, all women and non-white (non-white, of course, was a very loose definition) men were considered noncitizens. 2. End of Slave Trade in 1808 One of the biggest forms of immigration was forced; that is, the movement of Africans to the Western Hemisphere for the purposes of enslavement. Of course, slavery continued within the United States until 1865, and the internal slave trade continued long after 1808. Any full exploration of immigration in the United States has to account for the fact that immigration occurred on a spectrum from violent and forced to peaceful and non-coercive. Another example of the paradox of immigration black Americans faced would be The Great Migration. 3. Mass Immigration of the mid-1800s In the early to middle part of the 19th century, the United States saw a decisive uptick in immigrants from the following places: Germany. Because of crop failures and the consequences of rapid industrialization, many German individuals sought out opportunities in the United States. Ireland. The infamous Irish Potato Famine drove immigrants to the United States in droves. Mexico. As a result of the Mexican-American War, Mexicans living in Texas, California, and other areas in the southwest became citizens through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; however, the influx of Mexicans into the United States was not necessarily the result of individual movement, but rather, the movement of national boundaries. 4. The Transcontinental Railroad and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Chinese workers immigrated to the United States in order to complete the Transcontinental Railroad. The Chinese Exclusion Act was an outgrowth of their presence in the United States; however, individuals had mixed feelings about this exclusion. See the political cartoon from Thomas Nast as an example of one point of view about the exclusion of Chinese immigrants. What is his view on these immigrants? How is he making his point? 5. The settlement house movement and progressivism As a result of rapid industrialization in the Northeast and Midwest of the United States, many individuals from all over the world immigrated to the United States for economic opportunities. They were not always welcomed in cities, however. Progressive Era reformers (that is, individuals who wanted to ameliorate society from the excesses of the Gilded Age) began what came to be known as the settlement house movement in order to assist new immigrants in their process of assimilation to the United States. One of the most famous of these progressives was Jane Addams, who published detailed maps about the neighborhoods she lived in and the immigrants she met there. 5. The Spanish American War of 1898 I am highlighting the Spanish American War as an important piece of the immigration story because it is often left out. One of the implications of this war was that the United States â€Å"won† the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam from the Spanish empire. The Philippines would be recognized as an independent nation after World War II, but Puerto Rico and Guam remain territories of the United States and the individuals who are born on these two islands are citizens. 6. The Dillingham Commission of 1907 The Dillingham Commission was formed in 1907 when U.S. lawmakers were concerned about increased immigration from southern and eastern Europe. The work of this commission would have the following consequences: Providing the justification for restrictive immigration policies through the 1920s, including the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 Lead to the eventual National Origins Formula of 1929 How Should I Make Sense of all this History? While this was an overview, there are lots of ways to think about change and continuity based on these events. The following is a list to get you started: 1. The changing definition of what it meant to be a U.S. citizen; 2. The spectrum of causes motivating immigration; and 3. Reactions to immigrants from within the United States. I am sure that you can think of many more ways to make sense of this important theme for APUSH. Check out the additional resources below for more ideas. Happy studying! Videos Historian Nell Irvin Painter on race and immigration Podcasts The Melting Pot: Listen as several historians debate the meaning of assimilation at various points in U.S. history.

Discussion About Genetically Modified Foods - 1529 Words

Do we encourage or ban genetically modified foods Discussion about Genetically Modified Foods Outline Introduction a. The genetically modified foods are a long issue which is widely debated. b. People feel confused about their safety. I. Views a.) Magana-Gomez’s argument. b.) He argues that negative effects of GM food were identified â€Å"at molecular and microscopic levels†. c.) Curieux-Belfond CL contends that the benefits of genetically modified foods far outweigh the disadvantages. II. Genetically modified foods: Beneficial views Adverse views a. What is the possible risk for genetically modified crops considering nutrition and health? b. Whether the economic effects are the most†¦show more content†¦At present, the transgenic enzymes are widely used in the food industry, such as maltose enzymes amylase, pectinase and the juice protease. The food nutritional quality modified by genetic engineering has also made remarkable achievements. For instance, the genetic engineering technology has been applied for seed protein improvement, which renders it possible to change the plant composition and amino acid content. Secondly, transgenic food has successfully lowered food prices and ensured food safety, which helps increase production and food supply while reducing the farm labor and pesticide applications, agricultural inputs and production costs (Weasel LH, 2009). In the future, GM crops have great potential in solving the food crisis. For instance, by applying transgenic technology to the human staple foods of rice and wheat, people can increase food production and improve nutritional quality, which will prov ide mankind with higher-quality food. Furthermore, GM foods have also proved effective in alleviating poverty and hunger. The world’s poorest 50% of the population are small and resource-poor farmers, while 20% living in rural areas without their own land actually depend on agriculture. Therefore, the increase in small-scale and resource-poor farmers’ income will directly assist 70% of the world’s poorest people (Curieux-Belfond O, 2009). So far, genetically modified cotton inShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Foods For The Health Of The General Public And The Environment1062 Words   |  5 Pagesgrocery store and food stand in the U.S. Packed full of full flavor and nutrition, granny smith apples hold another hidden secret in its sweet and sour flesh..it’s genetically engineered. Tangelos, nectarines, and plums are also among the foods that have been genetically engineered (ISAAA). Although GMOs (genetically modified organisms) and GM foods have been deemed safe for the environment and human consumption, there is an ongoing debate regarding the safety of genetically modified foods. Some peopleRead MoreThere Have Been Ongoing Debates About The Adoption Of Gmos1487 Words   |  6 PagesThere have been ongoing debates about the adoption of GMOs over natural food growth. Out of these discussions, there is a rising need to do research on genetically modified food verses naturally grown food. According to (Mary Colson., 2017), Genetically Modified food can be defined as a growing plant or animal that is modified and grows not a normal, natural way. The growth of this plant, animal or microorganism is triggered by altering its genetic material. The genetic material is usually changedRead MoreThe Ethics Of Genetically Modified Food1220 Words   |  5 Pagesproducing food for the population. One of these methods is genetically engineering food. Though genetically modified food is consumed by the majority of the American population, one must wonder, what are the ethics of it? How will it affect the consumer and the environment? Based on prior knowledge of this topic, I know that scientists change the genetic makeup of certain foods. I also know that different genes are inserted into different organisms. I imagine that the effects are genetically modifiedRead MoreGentically Modified Organisms are the Topic of Conversation718 Words   |  3 Pagesdecade or so, genetically modified foods and genetically modified organisms, also known as GM Foods and GMO’s, have been a never ending topic of discussion. GM Foods and GMO’s have adversely affected people’s health all over the world. GMO’s are developed through taking genes of different species, then combining them through genetic engineering. Neither of those things can happen naturally or out in nature. That should raise lots of red flags to our society already. Adding these altered foods into ourRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )879 Words   |  4 PagesWith a growing population there is fear that the world won’t have enough food to keep up. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) have been introduced as safe for human consumption to our market since 1996 without sufficient safety testing. Evidence points to no necessity for GMO food (not to mention harmful affects) and therefore it should be banned from the United States just like it has been in multiple other countries. Some things this paper will cover is how GMOs are made, who makes them, whatRead MoreGenetic Material From A Species1293 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we didn’t have to worry about during our simpler times; Things that we previously never thought about. When you’re a child, you just assume that the way things are is the way they are supposed to be. (If your parents seem okay with it like that, then can it even be any other way?) For example, it wasn’t until just recently that I’ve become concerned with student loans, car insurance, a career, and so forth. Something else that I’ve recently become concerned with is food. If genetic material fromRead MoreGmo Lab Report Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagescertain processed foods contained Genetically Modified Organisms. Genetically modified food is an important subject in the world today. Ever since Flavr Savr came out with their tomatoes grown from genetically modified seeds in 1994 genetically modified foods has become ever more popular amongst distributors of produce (Mestel, 2013). The world’s population has grown by around one billion in the last decade (US Bureau of the Census). At this rate, Genetically Modified Organisms within food products willRead MoreGenetically Modified Crops - Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically modified crops; what are they? Crops that have been scientifically altered, to create a better species. Though crops can sometimes breed through cross-breeding, with genetically modified crops this is not the case. These crops have had pieces of DNA inserted into them to create a superior race. The reason we produce th ese superior species of crops are because they are often stronger, resistant to herbicides, quicker growing, and therefore cheaper to produce. That way, the community asRead Moreâ€Å"Challenges And Risks Of Genetically Engineered Organisms†.1655 Words   |  7 Pagesand Risks of Genetically Engineered Organisms†. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2004. I found this book through IUCAT and it is available as an online resource. This book was written and published as the result of an OECD, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Workshop on Challenges and Risks of - What Risk Analysis is Appropriate? Options for Future Policy Making Towards Integrated Agro-Food Systems. This book covers a wide variety of risks associated with genetically engineering ourRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic Modification On The Environment And The Human Race1475 Words   |  6 Pagessolution to world hunger. There are other solutions that would not negatively harm the environment. The effects of genetic modification, good or bad, would affect everyone as this process is already wide spread. Although everyone has different opinions about the genetic modification of crops, it really comes down to whether solving world hunger is worth hurting the earth. Although the one possible way of addressing world hunger is the genetic modification of crops, there are other methods and negative

Corporate Strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1460 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Q1:Explain what you understand by corporate strategy? Ans:Corporate strategy deals with the specification of a company,or the best product of a company that can help the company to deal or compete with other companies. There are several ways that a company can adopt .A company could compete with other companies by minimizing the cost of its product or by increasing the quality of the product or by attracting the customers by advertisement.(467) 2. Describe the different types of corporate strategy that a firm can adopt.? Ans:There are three most common corporate strategies that a firm can adopt: . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Corporate Strategy" essay for you Create order Horizontal integration Verticle integration Diversification There are two major types of corporate strategies like single business and diversified.(448) 3. Provide a critical assessment of the usefulness of institutional theory for explaining cross-national differences and similarities in corporate strategy? Ans:Organizations are deeply rooted in Insitutional environment.It is widely accepted that national institutions strongly influence the behavior of firms. The institutional environment constructed by these institutions is or is not the same as a country. Some institutions, such as government policy, can vary within a country.For example, the state of Delaware has corporate laws that differ from those of most other states in the USA. Therefore, à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms in Delaware face an insti- tutional environment that differs from the ones in other US states. ‘However many of the key institutions that structure economic relationships vary signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cantly between nation states’. Among these key institutions, a difference can be discerned between institutions that structure general patterns of trust, cooperation, identity and subordination in a society, and those that are more directly involved in the economic system and constitute the more direct business environment. Because our aim is to focus on institutions that are able to explain differences in corporate strategies, we will focus on the latter institutions, which Whitley calls ‘proximate social institutions’. The three major categories these institutions can be divided into are the political system, the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial system and the labour system. In order to explain differences in corporate strategies between various countries, several scholars have identià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ed various institutional factors. (454) 4. Explain how the political, financial and labour market systems have an impact on the corporate strategies of firms. Ans: Political system Government policy can have a strong impact on co rporate strategies. Anti- trust laws can inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence corporate strategy. willingness of a government to share economic risks with private à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms is important. tax laws can have an inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence on corporate strategy, especially on the level of diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation. Financial system The way the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial system in a country functions can also have an impact on corporate strategies, especially on the level of diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation in a country. Another aspect of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial system that can have an impact on corporate straegies is the market for corporate control. When there is a highly developed market for corporate control, it is easier for à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms to undertake hostile take-overs and, thus, easier to get access to other industries. Therefore, a highly developed market for corporate control can lead to more diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation. Nevertheless, it is important to note that a highly devel- oped market for corporate control also makes it easier to break up conglomerates through a hostile take-over and, by doing so, to end diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation. Ownership and boards are also mentioned as institutional factors that have an inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence on corporate strategies. Labour System: The labour system also inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uences corporate strategy. The way management development is organized can inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence the way managers rate different directions of diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation.(455-456) 5. Evaluate how industrial organization theory, transaction cost economics and agency theory can help to explain corporate strategy? Ans: Industrial Organization Theory: The structure of an industry determines the behaviour of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms active in that industry, which, in turn, drives their performance. For example, if the concentration in the industry is low (i.e. there are many competitors with small market shares), à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms are expected to engage in à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ erce competition, which reduces their proà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ tability. In this view, à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms diversify because this gives access to market power, which reduces competition and, consequently, boosts their performance). Diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬  ed à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms can use several instruments to reduce competition). Cross-subsidization involves the use of proà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ts gained in one industry to support activities in another. Specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cally, a diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ed à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm can afford ‘predatory pricing’, charging low prices that attract many customers, but do not cover all the costs. A single-business competitor, which presumably lacks the ‘deep pockets’ required to sustain low price levels, may eventually be forced to exit the industry. Transaction cost economics: In theory, activities in two different industries could be assigned to two independent à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms. Any necessary coordination between the two à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms could take place via the market. Agency theory Agency theory: Interests mattersfor everyone. Revolves around the conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ict of interest between principal and agent. The agent is hired to perform some activity on behalf of the principal, but the agent also has his or her personal interests, which may urge him or her not to act in the best interests of the principal. (469-471) 6. Evaluate the explanatory power of dominant logic, the resource-based view, organizational learning and strategic contingency theory in the area of compara- tive corporate strategy? Dominant logic: A dominant general management logic is deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ned as ‘the way in which managers conceptualise the business and make critical resource allocation decisions’. For corporate strategy, the implication is that the dominant logic of a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm’s top management team drives the portfolio of businesses that can be managed successfully. If the top management team has a single dominant logic, the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm should either stick to one business or diversify into businesses with similar strategic characteristics. Diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation into businesses with different strategic characteristics can only be successful if the top management team adopts multiple dominant logics, which, in turn, at least requires altering the composition of the top management team.Dominant logic could explain the success of some conglomerates with small head ofà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ces with limited management capacity. Their businesses may appear unrelated, but could, in fact, be strategically very similar. Moreover, dominant logic may explain the failure of takeovers that, beforehand, seem to offer a large potential for synergies. After the take-over, the businesses turn out to require different dominant logics, which the top management team cannot provide. Resource-based view: The resource-based view of the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm can be seen as a response to the dominant inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence on à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm behaviour and performance that industrial economics assigns to the industry. Instead, the resource-based view emphasizes a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm’s resources. If the resources possess certain characteristics, such as non-tradability, non-substitutability and non-imitability, they can serve as the source of competitive advantage for a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm.A à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm can use its excess capacity in resources in a different industry, leading to diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation , More à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exible resources – in particular, à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nancial resources – can also be used for unrelated diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation .Finally, only if the resources that are used for diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation have the characteristics required for competitive advantage, will diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ - cation increase à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm performance. Organizational learning perspective: The underlying premise of the organizational learning perspective is that organizations can learn from experience, which translates into future actions and their success.The organizational learning perspective ha s not been established as an important explanation of corporate strategy, but it does provide an interesting direction for future research. Strategic contingency theory: The à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ nal explanation of corporate strategy is provided by strategic contingency theory. The underlying notion is that a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ t between a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm’s strategy, on the one hand, and external and internal conditions or contingencies, on the other, increases performance. Consequently, corporate strategy can be seen as a response to various external and internal contingencies. Relevant external contingencies are government policy and market failure. An important aspect of government policy is anti-trust law. Through anti-trust law, policy-makers try to prevent large concentrations of power in an industry. If anti-trust policy is stringent and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms still want to grow, they are forced to expand in a different industry and thus diversify. Market failure as a n incentive for diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cation has already been discussed under transaction cost economics, above. If markets fail, coordination of activities in different industries within a à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm is more efà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cient. The à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rm then becomes diversià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ed.(471-473) Q7: Legitimize your own theoretical choice for understanding corporate strategy? Ans: Political system: Best choice for understanding the corporate strategy in Political system,Because In political system anti trust law can influence the corporate strategy.Willingness of Government is also very important.Tax system also influence the corporate strategy indirectly.(455) Q8. Assess whether and why corporate strategies will converge or diverge across countries? Ans:Corporate strategies diverge in countries because political system,Financial system,management systems are different for different countries.(467)

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Health Risks Of The Meat Industry - 1358 Words

Health Risks in the Meat Industry Over the past decade, the industrial food system has met the needs of American consumers. Food has been in great supply, from breads, to dairy products, to canned goods, to fillets. The meat industry alone has seen a rapid industrialization and provides its own unique challenges and risks. The meat in the grocery stores is plentiful, but it is very different today than it was prior to this rise in production. While the production numbers provide a very clear idea of how much meat American companies are harvesting and selling, the safety of the system is not so clear-cut. Many experts have weighed in their opinions; some critics call for a complete eradication of the industrial process, while some supporters praise the safety standards this system allows the meat industry to achieve. Two unique sources on the issue of safety, the American documentary â€Å"Food Inc.† and PBS’s â€Å"Frontline,† provide interesting points of view f rom different experts and will be analyzed. The safety of the meat industry is a very important issue to all consumers whether or not they purchase meat themselves because the meat industry sets an example that the other markets will follow. If any unsafe practices exist in meatpacking, they need to be dealt with for the wellbeing of all American consumers and all markets. The makers of â€Å"Food Inc.† sought to provide information and to identify practices in the food industry that could possibly upset consumers. Its purposeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Behind Meat and Meat Factories1404 Words   |  6 Pages Background/History Meat has been in our diet since the start of mankind. We eat meat everyday mindlessly. It is hard to avoid meat since it is everywhere we go. Meat is the majority of today’s food. 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To what extent do the novels Nineteen Eighty Four and the Road support or refute this view Free Essays

string(79) " and boy are searching for a place of hope, and it is a contrast with Winston\." The dystopian novels The Road and Nineteen Eighty Four demonstrate the push and pull between the utopian and dystopian societies in their narratives. Dystopian literature often seems to be a deterrent to the reader the nightmarish lifestyles presented to us by each individual protagonist characters dehumanized due to the desolate and barren lifestyles presented in each text. However, despite this, the bleak settings seem to send messages of optimism, and to some extent hope, through the interactions of characters in each novel. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do the novels Nineteen Eighty Four and the Road support or refute this view? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In The Road the boy and the father are seen to be two people left who are not dehumanized by the new apocalyptic society. They do not conform to cannibalism, rape or murder; however their humanity is tested through the desolate landscapes and their lack of human contact and refusal to help those they do meet in this new society. Although the father only has the boy his humanity is clear as they are â€Å"each other worlds entire† showing he only lives for his son. We can also see the boy knows that without his father he would not be able to defend for himself and would be lonely. When the father asks him â€Å"what would you do if I died† the son replies â€Å"if you died I would want to die too/†¦. so I could be with you† This love between the boy and the father allows us to over look the apparent loneliness the boy has, with the humanity between the two characters shining through. Conflict does exist between the father and the son, when they have different opinions on whether to help fellow survivors or not, yet the conflict itself is not destructive as they always come to a joint decision. Jon Wilkins. Theoretical evolutionary biologist and professor at Santa Fe Institute believe the son and the father â€Å"are two individuals with separate wills but their paths and fates are inseparable†. McCarthy makes use of graphology, or rather a lack of it, to show how desolate and dehumanized life has become, or perhaps draws attention to the things in life that really matter when characters are travelling a dystopian landscape. The setting is said to be sublime. To expand the point, the author’s use of declarative sentences makes his prose bleak, and certainly positions the reader in such a way as to be able to empathise with the stark sense of grim reality that the man and boy are confronted with. McCarthy’s own remark that he sees no need to â€Å"blot up the page with weird little marks† using as little punctuation as possible, enables him to present a narrative whose prose is as scarce and unwelcoming as the actual highway itself. These sorts of structural decisions on the writer’s part add to the sense of inhumanity in The Road but ironically also contribute to the closeness of the relationship between the father and son – although the narrative may appear to lack conventional direction the relationship between the two characters certainly does not. Another way in which the human spirit seems to be alive in McCarthy’s dystopian landscape lies in the absurd nature of the world that is presented. The father and son must â€Å"keep walking to survive†, despite the fact that where they are walking to or from is not always clear. As a result their efforts often seem pointless given the inevitability of their death at the hands of roaming bands of cannibals. However, what is clear is that they repeat the same routine every day, drawing parallels to the absurdity of life – this alludes to thee Greek Mythology figure Sisyphus whose existence consisted of rolling a boulder up a hill only for it to fall down on a daily basis. Mundane as it is like a nightmare, it is repetitive nonetheless it is through this repetition that the two characters manage to develop their close bond. It may be the case that the absurd of their journey is dehumanising yet it is through this cyclical process that McCarthy allows their humanity to shine through. In terms of ‘The Road’ the man and boy must walk, just as Sisyphus had to roll, however the absurdity of their existence is somewhat lesser than that of Winston from Nineteen Eighty Four. Winston’s life is also presented as absurd. Orwell creates a world capable of inducing suicide. The narrative is filled with a nihilistic and soulless atmosphere, where there is no ‘God’ present, making the world seem like there is no meaning and no essence to life dehumanising the protagonist. This continues to the portrayal of the dangers of living in a totalitarianism society when has the main objective of control over its subjects to any extent emphasising the absurdity of life. Through oppression and stripping away basic human rights through extreme restriction making, Big Brother himself seems like an absurdist. Although there is no official law about it, it seems to be common knowledge what it is expected for them to do so they are not punished and placed in room 101. Orwell’s London becomes more absurd when there is no official rule to punish Winston, and therefore more dehumanising as it is difficult to tell what justice is if individuals can not be truthful on what you know is wrong and right, blurring the lines in terms of what the public know Big Brother is doing. Through the allusions to Everyman, where the Father in The Road, and Winston in Nineteen Eighty= four play as characters they also play a part of the Christian from the Pilgrims Progress, this is allude to the journeys and challenges presented to both of the men bringing another sense of optimism to themselves and to the reader. While this journey tends to out way the dangers and hardships they are going face on their way. McCarthy’s journey is a pilgrimage, the father and boy are searching for a place of hope, and it is a contrast with Winston. You read "To what extent do the novels Nineteen Eighty Four and the Road support or refute this view?" in category "Papers" He is searching for truth in a society that is created through lies, and manufactured stories of the past. Religion seems to be absent in The Road there is no god, but a slight biblical reference â€Å"There is no God, we’re his prophets† suggesting that he and the boy are meant to spread the knowledge of the last society. He said â€Å"if he is not the word of God, God never spoke†. McCarthy seems to use â€Å"taken them from this world†. So that we would think the prophets were taken from this world, and suggest a Religious war may have destroyed civilisation. Contrasted within Nineteen Eighty Four where religion is apparent and focused on the antagonist Big Brother as a god like figure although there is no formal religion. He seemingly has omnipotent and omniscient qualities that dehumanise those around him into fear of him as a substitute of patriotic feeling, as they know that â€Å"Big brother is watching you†. We see his use of power through the denial of the past and ever changing present that Winston has to work to keep the system working the way Big Brother wants it to. Thus creating a society with no memory framework, they can not be truly counted as real if they have no recollection events as they continue to change, they just go along with the next story because they have no way of thinking otherwise. This is familiar to how God can see everything and how it seems that they are continuously scrutinized this could dehumanise them as there is no sense of privacy, but in this society there is no way to avoid neither him nor can they get away from his followers. He also seems to be in a god like place as there is no way to tell where he is, or even if he exists at all. Although this could confuse the protagonists as they have their right to choose their own religion taken, so their individuality has been demolished and decided for them. Nevertheless it seems to give the impression of a very primitive religion based around human sacrifice, although the sacrifices themselves seem to be presented as punishment for those who are deemed evil under the acts of a powerful of the â€Å"saviour† represented furthermore dehumanising the protagonists as they have to choice but to be part of the sacrifice. Echoes of atravism behaviour are present in The Road with to us with the flashbacks the father has, each provoking a different feeling like with the Coca Cola he remembers a time when he was happy and then tries to hand over these memories to his son. It provokes a nostalgic feeling in the father. He also recalls the time where he was close to his wife, he wanted to save her scent although remembering this is dangerous as it distracts him from the grim battle between life and death against the bands of cannibals. However the son doesn’t appreciate this as he was born into the post apocalyptic world and does not share the feelings of his father. It is also evident when they enter houses the son is cautious of the house when the father seems to assume that the one from his past is safe like in the memories, and how to the father it brings a sense of home, in spite of this it is still dehumanising as he is estranging himself from the new world it also dehumanised him to knows it is impossible for him to get back to these times. The soulless nature in Nineteen Eighty Four suggests there is a lack of aspiration their lives are laid out for them; they have no spirit to do anything in a different way. Yet in spite of this experience Winston Smith offers hope to the reader through his actions, many of which present humanity in an optimistic light. For instance, there is â€Å"hope within the proles† as there are no restrictions as they are seen no better then animals, but they are free. Winston seems to be jealous when he watches the prole woman singing freely a song which was manufactured by the totalitarian world, making him have an ironic feel to it. In The Art of Fiction David Lodge suggests that Orwell’s novel should be read as prophetic as it was written for the future. This view adds weight to the argument that it is not just a book about stripping away humanity; if the reader sees it as prophetic then it would seem that Orwell is suggesting that the future might too hold hope, as well as the threat of inhumanity. Lodge remarks that â€Å"Orwell draws on many recognizable features of life in â€Å"austerity† post-war Britain, as well as on reports of life in Eastern Europe, to create a depressing atmosphere of London†. Orwell’s vision is bleak is beyond question, but to suggest that there is no hint of humanity and decency in the text would be missing one of Orwell’s key themes that he apposes alongside the cautionary nature of the book. Eventually, the worlds which Orwell and McCarthy create dehumanise the individuals from their societies in the protagonists eyes, therefore making them outcasts from their societies, the lack of justice present backs this, as they both have lost legal systems and punishments are not officially known, although in the Road justice as the new post apocalyptic society seems to be chaos. Winston is an outcast but no one else seems to care or even notices and therefore he is dehumanised although he does conform in the end, it is forced on him whereas the father and the son are outcasts within the Road as two of the few people left who are not dehumanized by the new apocalyptic society. They do not conform making them different as they try to hold on to the fathers past giving them aspects of atavism, and an outcast for it, these characters usually can not survive in the new society, Neither society is allowed privacy, someone is always looking into their lives whether they are a controlling leader or a cannibal How to cite To what extent do the novels Nineteen Eighty Four and the Road support or refute this view?, Papers

Bill Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III Essay Example For Students

Bill Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III Essay on August 19, 1946, in the small town of Hope, Arkansas. He was named after his father, William Jefferson Blythe II, who had been killed in a car accident just three months before his son was born. Needing to find a way to support herself and her new child, Bill Clintons mother, Virginia Cassidy Blythe, moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, to study nursing. Bill Clinton stayed with his mothers parents in Hope. There he was surrounded by many relatives who gave him love and support and who played a significant role in his upbringing. Bill Clintons grandparents, Eldridge and Edith Cassidy, taught him strong values and beliefs. They owned a small grocery store just outside of Hope, and despite the segregation laws of the time, they allowed people of all races to purchase goods on credit. They taught their young grandson that everyone is created equal and that people should not be treated differently because of the color of their skin. This was a lesson Bill Clinton never forgot. His mother returned from New Orleans with her nursing degree in 1950, when her son was four years old. Later that same year, she married an automobile salesman named Roger Clinton. When Bill Clinton was seven years old, the family moved to Hot Springs, Arkansas. Known for its natural mineral hot springs, its scenic beauty, and its racetrack, Hot Springs was bigger than Hope and offered better employment opportunities. Roger received a higher paying job as a service manager for his brothers car dealer-ship and Virginia was able to find a better job as a nurse anesthetist. In 1956. Bill Clintons half-brother, Roger Clinton, Jr., was born. When his brother was old enough to enter school, young Bill had his last name legally changed from Blythe to Clinton. In 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected President. Two years later, when Bill Clinton was a senior in high school, he was selected to go to Washington, D.C., to be a part of Boys Nation, a special youth leadership conference. The young men of Boys Nation and the young women of Girls Nation were invited to the White House to meet President Kennedy. Bill Clinton was one of the first in line to shake President Kennedys hand in the Rose Garden. That event was one of the most memorable, important experiences of his youth. After that, he knew he wanted to make a difference in the lives of the people of America by becoming President. That same year, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., gave his historic I Have a Dream speech at the foot of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Bill Clinton watched the speech on television and was so deeply moved by Dr. Kings words that he memorized them. He admired Dr. Kings gift for communicating a clear vision and his ability to pull people together to work toward a common goal. Dr. King became one of Bill Clintons heroes. Inspired by the success of these leaders, young Bill thrived on the hard work that his academic and extracurricular activities required. As an active member of his church, he raised money and organized charity events. Most important, he learned about working with people and being a good citizen. In his spare time, he enjoyed reading. Some of his favorite books were The Silver Chalice, The Last of the Mohicans, The Robe, and Black Beauty. Playing the saxophone was his favorite pastime. He loved music, practiced every day, and played in jazz ensembles. Each summer, he attended a band camp in the Ozark Mountains. His hard work paid off when he became a top saxophone player at his school and won first chair in the state bands saxophone section. .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 , .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .postImageUrl , .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 , .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9:hover , .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9:visited , .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9:active { border:0!important; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9:active , .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9 .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u110dcb32bc5bc8681c12387cfcc9d0e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Abigail Williams The Crucible EssayBill Clinton recognized that although college would be expensive, it would give him the education he needed to accomplish his goals. His hard work in school, combined with his musical ability, earned him many academic and music scholarships. With the help of those scholarships and loans from the government, he was able to attend Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He chose Georgetown because it had an excellent foreign service program; he was also excited about going to school in the nations capital. While earning his Bachelor of Science degree in International Affairs he worked as an intern in the office of Arkansas Senator J. William Fulbright. There he learned how government worked and what it was like to be a politician. He admired Senator Fulbright for his accomplishments and beliefs. When Bill Clinton finished college in 1968, he won a Rhodes Scholarship, which allows select students to study at Oxford University in England. While at Oxford, he studied government and played rugby. Upon his return to the United States, he began law school at Yale University. At Yale, he continued to work hard. He maintained his interest in government by campaigning for a Senate candidate in Connecticut. He also met Hillary Rodham, whom he would later marry. When he graduated from law school in 1973, Bill Clinton returned to Arkansas to teach law at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. There he could concentrate on his goal of running for political office. In 1974, he had his first opportunity when he ran for Congress against Republican incumbent John Paul Hammerschmidt. Although he lost the race, Bill Clinton learned much about politics and met people who have remained his lifelong friends. Hillary had joined him in Arkansas and helped him campaign. She also began teaching at the University of Arkansas. They were married on October 11, 1975. In 1976, Bill Clinton was elected Attorney General of Arkansas. Two years later, at the age of thirty-two, he became the youngest governor in the United States. As governor of Arkansas, he concentrated on improving the states educational system and building better roads. On February 27, 1980, the Clintons daughter, Chelsea Victoria, was born. The Clintons describe this day as the happiest one of their lives. Later that year, in a close election, Governor Clinton lost the race for a second term to Republican Frank White. Feeling that he had not accomplished all that he wanted to do, he ran as the Democratic candidate in the next gubernatorial election. Campaigning throughout the state, he assured the voters that he would address their needs, and he was re-elected in November 1982. Again, his most important goal as governor was to enhance the quality of education in the state. He raised teachers salaries and began a program of testing students after the third, sixth, and eighth grades. He also encouraged parents to participate in their childrens education. His new educational standards ensured that every child in Arkansas, regardless of the size or wealth of his or her community or of family income level, would receive a quality education. From August 1986 to August 1987, Governor Clinton served as chairman of the National Governors Association. During that time, he led the governors efforts to reform the welfare system and the educational systems of the states. By the fall of 1991, Governor Clinton believed that the country needed someone with a new vision and plan, and he decided to run for President. He also felt that he had the experience and the best ideas for changing our country for the better. He wanted to strengthen the health care system, to improve the school system, and, most of all, to bolster the economy and create new jobs. He brought his message to the country by going door to door, holding one-on-one talks with people in town hall meetings, and appearing on various talk shows. .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 , .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .postImageUrl , .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 , .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4:hover , .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4:visited , .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4:active { border:0!important; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4:active , .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4 .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3ad2c41e23802a68f716d10caad12a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Richard Nixon EssayAfter a long primary process, Governor Clinton was nominated as the Democratic presidential candidate. He chose Senator Al Gore, of Tennessee to be his vice-presidential running mate. Together, Bill Clinton and Al Gore set out by bus to meet the people of America and to hear about their concerns and their hopes for the future. They campaigned on the concept of putting people firstpreserving the American Dream, restoring the hopes of the middle class, and reclaiming the future for the nations children. When election day arrived on November 3, 1992, voters turned out in record numbers to cast their ballots. Bill Clinton was elected the 42nd President of the United States and Al Gore the 45th Vice President. They had succeeded in bringing the people together in their efforts to change our country. Throughout his life, President Clinton has worked to make a difference in the lives of others. To him, Hope means more than a small town in Arkansas; it means working to ensure that each American has the opportunity to fulfill his or her dream.

Management of COPD Exacerbations

Question: Write summary of the articles on COPD. Answer: Article 1: Management of COPD Exacerbations The article research determined that 1.3 times exacerbations are increasing every year in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Effective management of a COPD exacerbation is becoming crucial which assist in reducing symptoms and risk of subsequent exacerbations. Such patient feel difficulty in breathing and its beneficial to promote inhaled therapy for them. In order to demonstrate effectiveness of intervention a randomized controlled trails have performed. Ways are given to manage outpatient and that are to increase the dosage of inhaled short-acting bronchodilators. The article also verified that antibiotic interventions help to minimize the risk of treatment failure. The article focuses on maintaining the safe environment which is a crucial part of COPD management. Safe environment maintenance should be the top priority of the patients relatives and healthcare workers. Safety of such patient within home and outside the home is needed to preserve their health and will also assist COPD patients in carrying out their daily activities in a safe manner (Evensen, 2010). The multiple patients data is tested and conclusions made in the study of the article. Safety mechanisms provided in the article foster safety around patient at home like ensure about adequate lighting, do not allow any person to smoke near you, place safety bars inside and outside the home. Article 2: The article talks about the ways of handling the patients and managing their health that are diagnosed with the COPD. It is mandatory to deliver care with the help of multidisciplinary team. Certain functions need to be considered at the time of defining activities of the multidisciplinary team. First function is to assess the need of COPD patients about oxygen therapy and inhaled therapy, further important thing is appropriately delivering those therapies to patients (Tidy, 2014). Next function is managing COPD patients and that can be done through pulmonary rehabilitation, managing their anxiety and stress, handling their dietary problems. It is important to aware patients and their family about the nutritional diet and physical activity. The article also gives information about the different therapies and the right time when patient can undergo with those therapies. Appropriate therapy for controlling breathlessness of patient is inhaled therapy; another important therapy for pati ent with advanced COPD is oral therapy and vaccination and antiviral therapy. Evaluation Evaluation of COPD patient on initial stage should incorporate the medical and family history of the patient and their current symptoms. The information need to collect at earlier time is what limitation the person observing while dealing with daily activities. Further needful information that would help patient treatment is reports of their previous chest radiographs, spirometry results and arterial blood gas measurement. These reports can help to diagnose the baseline functioning of lung and healthcare professional would illustrate typical exacerbation. There is no scope for confusion which can create hallmark in treatment. Next requirement is the physical examination of the patient which incorporates the evaluation of psychological status and examination of their heart and lung. The patients detected with COPD need special care from their family members and healthcare professional within house and out of the house. References Evensen, A. E. (2010). Management of COPD Exacerbations, 1;81(5):607-613. (2014). Management of Stable COPD.

Illegal Dumping

The Norse Essay

The Norse Essay The Norse Essay The Norse Most of the Norse people lived on farms and in longhouses that were about 30 meters long (large hall like buildings). The walls were made of timber or stone and a thick turf roof to retain heat. In the very center of the house was the fire pit (hearth), to heat and provide light to everyone inside. Family members, live stock and farm workers all lived under the same roof, and originally it was one single room but eventually they made it into several rooms. The town people lived close together and in houses made of wood, wattle and daub, they had enough room for a yard, rubbish pit and workshop. Surprisingly the thought to be dirty and barbaric Vikings, were actually quite cleanly. Ornate combs, used by men and women, were one of the most commonly found artifacts at their settlements. Also found at these settlements were bejeweled gold and silver brooches, rings and necklaces. As a result of clothes decaying over thousands of years it was hard to know exactly what the Norse people wore, but based on ancient paintings we can assume the Norse women wore woolen or linen smocks with brooches. Women who were married also wore scarves on their heads. Men were thought to have worn woolen tunics over trousers. Norse outfits also included cloaks and caps in winter. When woman gave birth, they were surrounded by only women, and they were in kneeling position on the floor and as the birth progressed it was elbow to knee position and the baby was taken out from behind. If the births were difficult, woman would sing songs to the gods to ask for help. A tradition held by the Norse people is having feasts. They held these after things such as, a marriage, successful trade, or raid. At the feast the meal consisted of pork meat, goat meat, beef and bread that had seeds to add flavor. The Norse people drank wine, beer and mead, a strong alcoholic drink made from honey. Another ritual they had was carving runes (their alphabet) into their weapons; they believed this gave them protection during battle. One of the many festivals that the Norse celebrated was Jul; a festival of 12 nights. This is the most important holiday of all. On the night of December 20th the god Ingvi Freyr rides over the earth on the back of his shining boar bringing light and love back into the world. This story later evolved and changed into the god Wotan (Odin) charging across the sky on his eight legged horse a sleipnir. Children would leave hay and sugar in their boots for sleipnir, in return Wotan would leave them a gift for their kindness. The grey bearded Wotan turned into Santa Claus, and the eight legged horse sleipnir became the reindeer. One of the most prominent rituals was sacrificing (blot), and a communal feasting on the meat of the animal that was sacrificed, and drinking beer and mead were also a large part in the feasts. The Norse people had their own kind of alphabet; â€Å"One of the ways that historians have gained an insight into the lives of the Norse people is through their written relics, mostly found on stone memorials. The Norse people wrote using the 16 runes (letters) of the futhork (alphabet). Each rune not only represents a phonetic sound (like the modern-day alphabet), but can also represent an object. The first rune, for example, can not only be read as 'f,' but can mean 'cattle' or 'wealth.'† As a result of having no paper they carved runes into bones, weapons, and rocks, wood and metal. The runes were used to label, and keep track of items. They were also very crafty people; the women made clothes themselves and the men repaired the farm equipment and weapons themselves. Tapestries and embroideries were found at their settlement as well as flutes and panpipes. This gives us a glimpse into their life, and their possible love of music. One of the largest icons in the Norse culture is the Viking ship it was used as a war and trading vessel but had an incredible design and art. The largest art we have from this time

Resume and cover letter assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Resume and cover letter - Assignment Example As such, I am particularly interested in the practical application of science. This is because, through science and engineering, I can be able to develop a logical approach to determinations of various mechanical problems. Moreover, engineering provides me with the opportunity to apply various theories and techniques that can be used to tackle and provide solutions to mechanical problems. Moreover, the fact that I am always excessively fascinated with the functioning of machines has also made develop the interest of practicing mechanical engineering. In fact, during my younger years, I usually dismantled my toys with the aim of learning how the machines functioned and integrated. Quite surprisingly, I found out that changing various aspects of the machines such as motor transmission would alter or lead to a modification of how the toy operated. As I grew up, this interest developed even further and I thus started of working on relatively bigger machines such as my mountain bike and my father’s old broken motorcycle. I was intrigued by complexity of the integration and functioning of the several parts of the machinery. This made me develop an understanding of how machines works in terms of converting electrical, kinetic, or man power into movement. My choice to major in Mechanical Engineering was therefore facilitated by my liking of Maths and Physics as well a s an intense curiosity of knowing how the machines integrated and functioned. Career planning is an important factor that can enable an individual to attain success more so after the completion of the undergraduate degree. Essentially, CP 101 played a big role towards influencing me on opting to choose mechanical engineering as my career of choice. At school, due to my high performance and interest in maths and physics, many professors, including my calculus professor, recommended that I should consider becoming a maths tutor. I took this suggestion

Gas Prices and the Law of Supply and Demand Essay

Gas Prices and the Law of Supply and Demand - Essay Example The fluctuation of oil supply is largely credited to the increasing demands of an increasing world population (Campoy and Russel, 2009). Furthermore, our oil mineral deposits are slowly being depleted; oil minerals are not something which can be manufactured or replaced once used. The next best thing for oil companies and prospectors to do would be to look for new sources of oil. However, this is only a temporary remedy to the oil shortage issue. If alternative sources of energy and fuel would not be found, the prices for oil would continue to rise and the supply for oil would continue to decrease. The price of gas as ruled by the law of supply and demand must be controlled and managed. The consumers have recognized the fact that they would not be able to afford the rising oil prices if they do not conserve their fuel consumption (Campoy and Russel, 2009). In this regard, consumers opted to cut back on their driving and save their fuel consumption for essential use only. As a result, gasoline was able to regain its supply gap and consequently push up the depressed oil prices (Campoy and Russel, 2009). Since the price of oil is very much dependent on the law of supply and demand, there is an element of managerial strategy which will always hover over the determination of oil prices. Such strategy may sometimes be attributed to the practice of hoarding or controlling the amount of oil released to the market. To some degree, this practice has been speculated by various analysts and scholars as the cause of oil price increase with oil companies seeking to gain the most profit from oil (Fessler, 2009). This speculation has not... This essay discusses the field of management in oil product companies. The researcher states that today there are different events which the manager needs to comprehensively understand the market in order to ensure that the company or the organization he is managing would not collapse or fail. These events or processes often dictate the direction of the organization and were discussed in the essay. It id mentioned, that on a larger scale, these processes are affected by, and they also have a great impact on other organizations and even global managerial dynamics. In the article of Ana Campoy and Russel Gold, entitled ‘Gas Demand Edges Higher, Lifting Crude,’ which the researcher analyzed in the essay, the relationship between gas prices and the law of supply and demand are established and discussed in details. This article plays a major role into the authors’ analysis and discussion that was presented in this essay. This essay discusses the different elements of t his article in relation to the managerial principles discussed during the managerial classes attended by the researcher. In conclusion, the researcher gives his opinion on managing ang gives several recommendations as for what managers can do to enhace the success of oil corporations and companies today. It is stated that, in applying strong managerial skills, managing oil prices in accordance with the law of supply and demand, has to be in line with ethical practices, as well as the actual state of our oil supply and demand.

Financial Statement Analysis A.G. Barr

Financial Statement Analysis A.G. Barr Financial Statement Analysis Introduction A.G. Barr p.l.c. is based in United Kingdom it maufacture, distribute, and sell soft drinks. A.G. Barr. operates in carbonates and water. Company has a wide range of brand’s which includes IRN-BRU, Rubicon, Barr Brands, KA, Strathmore, Simply, Tizer, D’N’B, St. Clement’s, Findlays and Abbott’s. Company also has some partnership brands which includes Orangina, Rockstar and Snapple. The manufacturing area located in United Kingdom. Findlays Limited, subsidairy of A.G. Barr P.l.c., is engaged in Rubicon Drinks Limted and natural mineral water as well as the manufacture and distribution of soft drinks. Schweppes International Limited is also a franchise partner of A.G. Barr p.l.c in United Kingdom, authorized for manufactures and sells Orangina. It also has collaboration with Rockstar Inc. in the United States to sell and distribution of energy drink, Rockstar brand in Ireland and United Kingdom. The following pie-chart represent market share of soft dr inks and low calorie drinks. They strategy have developed in a way to deliever long term growth in value and focusing on core brands and markets, brand portfolio, route to market, partnerships, efficient operations, people development, sustainablity and responsibility. Financial Review The business performance throughout 2013 of A.G. BARR has perform well in U.K soft drinks market especially in second half of the financial year with double digit growth rate. The economic conditions in the core market segments survied difficulties in 2012, as well as the increasing cost of promotion effect margins. A.G.BARR growth rate for volume and revenue increased more rapidly then the market in carbonates ans still segments. The overall growth of softdrinks experienced carbonates growth rate of 3.8% in value but decreases in terms of volume, showed growth of 1.9% with avolume declining 1%. In 2013 A.G. BARR carbonates volume increased by 6.0% and revenue increased by 7.1%. On the other hand stills also performed better with a growth of 4.3% in revenue and 4.1% in volume. In addition to delievering a growth higher then the market and much of the build program associated with their new production and storage facility at Crossley Road, Milton Keynes. The Milton Keynes site is an i mportant asset for future business developments. Adverse whether condition in 2012 impacted soft drinks category according to Nielsen research, reflects 0.7% decline while to volume grew by approximately 3%. Conumer participation in the carbonates category has remained at high level supported by price-driven promotions across the main brands. Ratios analysis over the last 3 years Profit Margin: According to the financial statements ended January 2013, Company declared a profit after tax of  £ 25.564 million which represent 10.76% of its sales. Current year revenue grew by approximately 7% from prior year and 3.42% on the basis of average growth rate from the last three year. Profit before tax and exceptional item in 2013 increased by 4.3% but profit margin was slightly reduced in 2013 as compare to 2012, due to higher cost of goods. In 2012, observed as a climate of continued economic uncertainty and increasing cost. Despite these challenges companys profit before tax and exceptional item increased by 6.2% from 2011. In 2011, Profit before tax increased by 13.3% from 2010. In 2011 AG Barr observed 10.4% growth in revenue as compare to 7% in UK soft drink market. Current ratio: measure the financial stability of a company to pay its current liability. According to the financial statement, in 2013 current ratio represent 1.31(in times) thus company has enough to pay its financial obligation. Current ratio in 2012 represent 1.46 (in times) which shows that company financial stability in 2012 is better among 2011 and 2013. Quick ratio: measures the financial stability after deducting inventories and prepaid expense because they cannot be easily converted into cash at fair value. Quick ratio show clearer picture then current ratio, the company’s financial stability in 2012 of having 1.043(in times) as compare to average 0.9 (in times) in the rest of year. Working capital: is defined as the financial ability of a company to pay its short term obligation. Working Capital is an important factor used to measure its financial health. Working Capital Management is the strategy of a company to maintain efficient levels of both asset and liabilities to improve their earnings. It is calculated as current assets minus current liabilities. It involves management of inventories, cash, accounts payable and account receivable. Working capital is required to support the day to day business operation it is treated as life blood for smooth and effective business operations. Working capital in 2013 and 2011 is less as compare to the 2012. In 2012 company has  £ 20.934 millions more than its liabilities. Thus in 2012 company has managed their day to day operations effectively. Dividend: A.G. Barr’s efficient performance through the year enabled them to distribute per share dividend. In 2012 company’s profitability reflected in its dividend, declared  £ 25.96 per share, which is high through the rest of years. Inventory turnover ratio: measures the number of times the company sold its inventory throughout the year. AG Barr have inventory turnover of 6.51(in times) in year 2013 which means that company has 1.84 month of supply of inventory on hand. In 2012 and 2011, company has 2.02 (in times) and 2.05 (in times) months of supply of inventory on hand. ROE ROA: Return on equity in 2013 is greater then return on asset by 12.55% across the year it means that company is utilizing its asset perfectly as well as optimizing its debt effectively. It also shows that management is generating good result from shareholders’ investment. Account receivable turnover: Account receivable shows credit policy of a company according to which average time allow to customer to pay their debt. In 2013, 12.64 days took to recover their credit sales. Among the three year, in 2012 company was recovering their sales quickly at the rate of 7.70 days as compare to the rest of years. Operating Risk: can be defined as the more the proportion of fixed cost and lower variable cost is said to be high operating leverage. A ratio which is commonly used to determine the effect of operating leverage at given level on the firm’s potential earning is calculated by dividing, % change in EBIT by % change in Sales. Financial Risk: is the use to debt in it is calculated by dividing % change in EPS by % change in EBIT. Financial risk is not dependent on sales because whether a company has high or low sales it has to pay fix interest. By calculating financial leverage of AG BARR it appears that only 1% change in EBIT, Earning per share would change by 0.93. Preparation of financial statement: Financial statements of A.G. BARR p.l.c. have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (‘IFRS’) as adopted by the European Union. They have been prepared under the historical cost accounting rules except for the derivative financial instruments and the assets of the Group pension scheme which are stated at fair value and the liabilities of the Group pension scheme which are valued using the projected unit credit method. FINANCIAL MARKETS AND THEIR IMPACT Financial market is a market where an individual and corporation can trade financial securities, commodities. This table shows classification of market and instrument through which corporations can raise funds. Raising funds from equity market may lead the investor to think that the company financial flexibility is weak, and they are unable to get funds from banks or other sources. Stock issue leads to decreased earnings per share. Raising capital from foreign investor involves two main risks which are relevant for foreign investor. They include economic risk and political risk. Economic risk is less in countries with strong and stable economy situation. On the other hand political risk is linked with the economic stability of a country. Political decision and policies plays an important role in an economy. Political risk also called sovereign risk, the ability of a company to pay its foreign financial obligation. Risk is defined as uncertainty. The indication of risk and reward guide the investor that it would have a possibility to loss some or whole of its investment, an investor may experience bullish trend on his investment. Risk and return are directly correlated. The more you take risk, the more the likely return is, because investor demands additional return for additional risk. In finance this relationship is known as the security market line. Common stock and corporate bonds are two asset classes. Corporate bond is a debt instrument and common stock is equity. Corporate bonds and, TFCs are issued by a corporation and sold to investors. Government bonds are less risky then corporate bonds. Common stock is riskier then corporate bond because if an organization goes bankrupt, common stock holders get last priority until debt holders and preferred stock holder have received their assets. But common stock holders have the possibility to earn greater or lower return as compare to stable return on corporate bonds. As far as A G BARR, capital structure for the last two years shows that debt weight-age of the total asset was 42.64% and 50.44% in 2012 and 2013 respectively. So the company has raised fund through debt in order to meet the financial need of company. One of the major benefits by using debt financing is tax advantage and borrowing has a fixed return to stock holder. It has positive impact on the firm but because company failed to control its operating expenses, net profit in 2013 is less than 2012. Future Prospects A.G. BARR has observed a healthy performance in a marketplace impacted by the mixture of very poor summer weather conditions and the continuing economic challenges faced by consumer goods companies, especially raw material cost pressures and unpredictable consumer demand. Looking ahead it is doubtful that these challenges will significantly change, however they remain carefully confident that the combination of our established operating model, continued focus on efficiency, building brand equity, sound balance sheet and ability for growth prospect leave them well placed to continue to build on this performance. In the year ahead, they expect some decrease in the pace of input cost inflation which we expect to be at a low single digit level. Current market pricing for PET is down year on year, fruit pulp costs are lower but the cost of sugar remains persistently high Conclusion A.G. BARR has delivered strong financial performance in challenging year markets. Their products continue to respond well to equity investors. They have driven strong growth in revenue and volume and have continued to increase market share across the soft drinks market. Product and supply chain innovation enabled numbers of consumers to their brands. They are further investing in assets, acquiring additional capacity that enables them to grow according to consumer demands and in line with the market pace. Following a challenging 2011, last financial year survived with strong in terms of operational performance. Last year reported growth in products availability and customer service has improved and cost managed effectively. During 2012 the potential merger received overwhelming shareholder support. In 2013, financials reported profit before tax increased to  £ 35.0 million, showed 4.3% increase from the previous years. Earnings per share increased during the year by 10.9%. Their ba lance sheet measures have improved, showed net assets of  £130.6 million, during the year company also generated free cash flow to the firm of  £ 22.0 million. A.G. BARR p.l.c. group brands, as well as their franchise brand Rock star, showed 8.6% growth. This performance is above as compare to the market reflects that they continued opportunities to develop availability, innovation and distribution among their brands. Their geographical growth rates grew by 4%, and investment except U.K. grew by 12%, showing both important long term growth opportunities and comparably important share from their brands. References A.G. BARR p.l.c. Annual report 2013 pages 70 124 http://www.agbarr.co.uk/pdf/Final Results Announcement January 2013.pdf [Accessed: 12th May 2014] A.G. BARR p.l.c. Annual report 2012 pages 62 – 94 http://www.agbarr.co.uk/pdf/Final results announcement January 2012.pdf [Accessed: 12th May 2014]